What impact does physical activity have on cognitive function?

Physical activity plays a significant role in enhancing cognitive function and overall brain health. Engaging in regular exercise has been shown to stimulate the production of various neurotrophic factors, such as Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), which promote the growth and survival of neurons. This stimulation can lead to improvements in memory, learning, and other cognitive processes.

Furthermore, physical activity helps increase blood flow to the brain, ensuring that it receives oxygen and nutrients essential for optimal function. This can lead to better neuroplasticity—the brain's ability to adapt and reorganize itself—which is critical for cognitive development and recovery from neurological injuries.

In addition to cognitive benefits, physical activity has a positive effect on mood. Exercise releases endorphins, often referred to as "feel-good" hormones, which can reduce feelings of anxiety and depression. This overall enhancement of mood can further support cognitive functions, as mental well-being is closely linked to psychological performance.

In contrast, the other options suggest negative impacts or limited effects of physical activity, which do not align with the extensive research showing its benefits for brain health and emotional well-being. The evidence overwhelmingly supports the idea that physical activity is beneficial for cognitive function rather than detrimental or neutral.